The Pine Street Sanitarium was first established in a residential structure built by the Marx family in the 1880s. After the deaths of Emanuel and Caroline Marx, the home located at 517 Pine Street was acquired by Drs. S.A. Collom, George C. Abell and T.F. Kittrell with the intention of organizing a hospital . The sanitarium opened its doors in 1900 and was incorporated in 1901, offering 15 beds. By 1905, several more physicians had joined  the staff, including Nettie Marx Kline, daughter of the original residents of the home.

Later that year, the sanitarium was reorganized and the name changed to the Texarkana Sanitarium and Training School for Nurses. This hospital eventually outgrew the stately home and was replaced with a modern 50 bed facility that admitted 3,000 patients annually. The hospital continued to grow and by 1920 was simply called Texarkana Hospital.

Photo, top left: Texarkana Sanitarium from a souvenir booklet of Texarkana, 1904. Above: color post card, Marx Home